@article{terpstra_bioink_2022, title = {Bioink with cartilage-derived extracellular matrix microfibers enables spatial control of vascular capillary formation in bioprinted constructs}, volume = {14}, issn = {1758-5082, 1758-5090}, url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1758-5090/ac6282}, doi = {10.1088/1758-5090/ac6282}, abstract = {Abstract Microvasculature is essential for the exchange of gas and nutrient for most tissues in our body. Some tissue structures such as the meniscus presents spatially confined blood vessels adjacent to non-vascularized regions. In biofabrication, mimicking the spatial distribution of such vascular components is paramount, as capillary ingrowth into non-vascularized tissues can lead to tissue matrix alterations and subsequent pathology. Multi-material three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting strategies have the potential to resolve anisotropic tissue features, although building complex constructs comprising stable vascularized and non-vascularized regions remains a major challenge to date. In this study, we developed endothelial cell-laden pro- and anti-angiogenic bioinks, supplemented with bioactive matrix-derived microfibers ({MFs}) that were created from type I collagen sponges (col-1) and cartilage decellularized extracellular matrix ({CdECM}), respectively. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell ({HUVEC})-driven capillary networks started to form 2 d after bioprinting. Supplementing cartilage-derived {MFs} to endothelial-cell laden bioinks reduced the total length of neo-microvessels by 29\%, and the number of microvessel junctions by 37\% after 14 d, compared to bioinks with pro-angiogenic col-1 {MFs}. As a proof of concept, the bioinks were bioprinted into an anatomical meniscus shape with a biomimetic vascularized outer and non-vascularized inner region, using a gellan gum microgel suspension bath. These 3D meniscus-like constructs were cultured up to 14 d, with in the outer zone the {HUVEC}-, mural cell-, and col-1 {MF}-laden pro-angiogenic bioink, and in the inner zone a meniscus progenitor cell ({MPC})- and {CdECM} {MF}-laden anti-angiogenic bioink, revealing successful spatial confinement of the nascent vascular network only in the outer zone. Further, to co-facilitate both microvessel formation and {MPC}-derived matrix formation, we formulated cell culture medium conditions with a temporal switch. Overall, this study provides a new strategy that could be applied to develop zonal biomimetic meniscal constructs. Moreover, the use of {ECM}-derived {MFs} to promote or inhibit capillary networks opens new possibilities for the biofabrication of tissues with anisotropic microvascular distribution. These have potential for many applications including in vitro models of vascular-to-avascular tissue interfaces, cancer progression, and for testing anti-angiogenic therapies.}, pages = {034104}, number = {3}, journaltitle = {Biofabrication}, shortjournal = {Biofabrication}, author = {Terpstra, Margo L and Li, Jinyu and Mensinga, Anneloes and de Ruijter, Mylène and van Rijen, Mattie H P and Androulidakis, Charalampos and Galiotis, Costas and Papantoniou, Ioannis and Matsusaki, Michiya and Malda, Jos and Levato, Riccardo}, urldate = {2022-05-30}, date = {2022-07-01}, }