@article{pattappa_physioxia_2020,
	title = {Physioxia Expanded Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Have Improved Cartilage Repair in an Early Osteoarthritic Focal Defect Model},
	volume = {9},
	rights = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/8/230},
	doi = {10.3390/biology9080230},
	abstract = {Focal early osteoarthritis ({OA}) or degenerative lesions account for 60\% of treated cartilage defects each year. The current cell-based regenerative treatments have an increased failure rate for treating degenerative lesions compared to traumatic defects. Mesenchymal stem cells ({MSCs}) are an alternative cell source for treating early {OA} defects, due to their greater chondrogenic potential, compared to early {OA} chondrocytes. Low oxygen tension or physioxia has been shown to enhance {MSC} chondrogenic matrix content and could improve functional outcomes of regenerative therapies. The present investigation sought to develop a focal early {OA} animal model to evaluate cartilage regeneration and hypothesized that physioxic {MSCs} improve in vivo cartilage repair in both, post-trauma and focal early {OA} defects. Using a rabbit model, a focal defect was created, that developed signs of focal early {OA} after six weeks. {MSCs} cultured under physioxia had significantly enhanced in vitro {MSC} chondrogenic {GAG} content under hyperoxia with or without the presence of interleukin-1\β ({IL}-1\β). In both post-traumatic and focal early {OA} defect models, physioxic {MSC} treatment demonstrated a significant improvement in cartilage repair score, compared to hyperoxic {MSCs} and respective control defects. Future investigations will seek to understand whether these results are replicated in large animal models and the underlying mechanisms involved in in vivo cartilage regeneration.},
	pages = {230},
	number = {8},
	journaltitle = {Biology},
	author = {Pattappa, Girish and Krueckel, Jonas and Schewior, Ruth and Franke, Dustin and Mench, Alexander and Koch, Matthias and Weber, Johannes and Lang, Siegmund and Pfeifer, Christian G. and Johnstone, Brian and Docheva, Denitsa and Alt, Volker and Angele, Peter and Zellner, Johannes},
	urldate = {2020-09-02},
	date = {2020-08},
	langid = {english},
	note = {Number: 8
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	keywords = {cartilage, chondrogenesis, disease\&, early osteoarthritis, hypoxia, mesenchymal stem cells, modeling},
}